Su-35

 

The Su-35 is a 4++ generation multirole super-maneuverable fighter that outperforms the existing Russian and foreign 4 and 4+ generation fighters and approaches 5th generation aircraft in terms of its characteristics. The aircraft is designed to destroy air, ground and surface targets, infrastructure facilities covered by air defense systems and located at considerable distances from the base airfield.

The Su-35S aircraft, a modification of the aircraft for the Russian Aerospace Forces, received a "baptism of fire" taking part in the operation of the Russian Armed Forces to combat international terrorism in the Syrian Arab Republic, where it proved its effectiveness in solving assigned tasks in conditions of high intensity of combat missions.

A number of countries have expressed interest in acquiring Su-35s for their Air Forces.

The Su-35 fighter has the following distinctive features:

• High maneuverability characteristics, providing superiority in close air combat over modern and advanced fighters.

• High efficiency in long-range air combat due to radar and optoelectronic systems with a long range, wide field of view, and the ability to simultaneously track a large number of targets, as well as due to the presence of long-range air-to-air missiles.

• The possibility of group actions in the air for up to 16 Su-35 aircraft with automated information exchange and target distribution, incl. in the networks of the aviation terminal (AT).

• High performance against land and sea targets due to high navigation accuracy, radar and optoelectronic systems with a long range, wide field of view and the ability to fire multiple targets simultaneously.

• A wide range of air-to-air, air-to-surface, air-radar and air-to-ship weapons, a large number of simultaneously suspended weapons using multi-post beam holders.

• High situational awareness of the pilot due to optoelectronic and electronic reconnaissance systems, a set of communications and information exchange facilities, and the capabilities of aircraft surveillance and sighting systems.

• High survivability due to an effective set of electronic countermeasures, as well as the possibility of low-altitude aircraft flight.

• Aircraft radio-electronic equipment complex with an open architecture, controlled by a single information and control system built using redundant multiprocessor systems and high-speed information exchange channels.

• Reduced workload on the pilot due to the automation of aircraft control processes, “intelligent support” of the pilot by the information and control system, ergonomic information and control field of the cockpit with the implementation of the HOTAS concept.

• Safety and ease of piloting thanks to a comprehensive digital aircraft control system.

• Long flight range of the aircraft without external fuel tanks due to the aerodynamic layout and large fuel capacity, as well as the possibility of in-flight refueling.

• Increased autonomy of aircraft basing due to the presence of an integrated power plant and onboard oxygen-producing station.

• Simplicity of operation due to the integrated aircraft control system.

• Increased aircraft and engine life.

• Availability of a complex of ground facilities for education and training of flight and technical personnel.

The basic Su-27 aircraft was taken as the basis for the aerodynamic scheme of the Su-35.

The Su-35 differs from the basic Su-27 aircraft in the shape of the central beam of the rear fuselage, which provides less aerodynamic resistance, in the rudders of an increased area, as well as in the wing of an increased thickness with two additional suspension points.

In addition, the retractable brake flap on the fuselage fairing was abolished on the Su-35 - thanks to a digital control system, braking is carried out by a coordinated deflection of the aircraft's control surfaces. Also, lifting protective nets in the engine air intake duct were abolished, which made it possible to provide greater engine air consumption and greater traction.

The design of the airframe was strengthened and redesigned using new materials, which made it possible to significantly increase the life of the aircraft - up to 6000 hours or 25 years of operation. Also, the aircraft received a reinforced landing gear with a two-wheeled front support.

In order to facilitate access to the equipment, the design of the forward fuselage has been completely changed: if on the Su-27 and its other modifications access is carried out by “tilting” the bow upwards, then on the Su-35 it is through the side and lower hatches in the forward fuselage.

The volume of avionics in the cabin compartment has decreased and an additional fuel tank has been organized in the vacated space. The stock of fuel on board the aircraft has increased from 9400 to 11200 kg.

To increase the range and duration of the flight, the aircraft is equipped with an in-flight refueling system, the retractable rod of which is located on the port side in the forward fuselage.

As a power plant, the aircraft received two turbofan 117C developed by NPO Saturn. 117C is a development of the AL-31F engine, installed on Su-27 aircraft, and is distinguished by increased afterburner (from 12500 kgf to 14500 kgf) and afterburner (from 7700 to 8800 kgf) thrust, as well as a 2-fold increase in the assigned resource. The engine received the ability to control the thrust vector by deflecting the nozzle at an angle of up to 15 ° from the neutral position. The joint deviation of the nozzles provides control of the aircraft in the longitudinal, transverse and track channels.

New engines, combined with an aerodynamic layout, provided the Su-35 with an extremely high level of maneuverability, as well as controllability at supercritical angles of attack, i.e. implementation of "super-maneuverability". The aircraft has no restrictions on the angles of attack. For the full implementation of all super-maneuverable properties, a special "Maneuver" mode has been introduced into the aircraft control system.

To save the life of sustainer engines during ground testing, to ensure the autonomy of basing and simplify operation, the aircraft is equipped with an auxiliary power unit TA-14-130-35 developed by JSC NPP Aerosila.

The aircraft received an integrated digital control system KSU-35 developed by MNPK Avionika, which combines the functions of an automatic and remote control system, an air signal system, a system of restrictive signals and active flight safety, a control system for the front landing gear and wheel braking. This integration has made it possible to significantly reduce the weight, dimensions and power consumption of on-board equipment, as well as to simplify the operation of the aircraft.

Thanks to the integrated digital control system, piloting the aircraft was simplified, and flight safety was also improved. KSU-35 is capable of taking on automatic control of the aircraft in combat use, cross-country flight, landing approach. The capabilities of the KSU-35 also include stabilization of pitch angles, altitude and flight speed, as well as automatic balancing of the aircraft and adjustment of control ratios depending on flight conditions. KSU-35 automatically limits the aircraft's exit beyond the allowable values ​​of flight parameters, and also steers the aircraft in case of a threat of a collision with the earth's surface. If one or more aircraft controls are damaged, the KSU-35 automatically compensates for the failure at the expense of other controls. If necessary,

The greatest increase in the combat effectiveness of the Su-35 compared to the Su-27 and its other modifications was provided by the new avionics system.

One of its main features is the H135E Irbis-E airborne radar developed by the NIIP named after V.I. V.V. Tikhomirov, equipped with a phased antenna array with a two-stage hydraulic drive.

Radar provides a large range of detection of air targets - up to 350 km on a target with an RCS of 3 m2. At the same time, a two-stage drive allows you to deflect the antenna sheet at an angle of up to 60 ° while maintaining all the energy characteristics of the radiation. And in combination with electronic scanning provided by a phased antenna array, the sector of view in azimuth is ± 120 °, which gives ample opportunities for choosing the tactics of using the aircraft.

Electronic scanning provides simultaneous tracking of up to 30 and simultaneous firing of up to 8 air targets while maintaining an overview of space.

The radar also has the ability to map the earth's surface with high resolution, detect ground and surface targets (including the selection of moving targets), simultaneously track 4 and fire 2 of them.

At the same time, the radar allows you to simultaneously track and fire at air and ground targets.

With the help of radar, low-altitude flight with terrain following is also implemented.

An additional target detection channel (including those with reduced radar visibility) is provided by the OLS-35 optical radar developed by JSC NPK SPP. The detection range of the OLS-35 fighter flying without afterburner is 80 km in the rear hemisphere and 40 km in the forward hemisphere. At the same time, the station is capable of discretely tracking up to 4 air targets simultaneously.

OLS-35 has thermal imaging and television channels and provides an overview of the air and ground space with the ability to display the image on the windshield indicator.

OLS-35 also provides search, detection and tracking of ground targets using ASP on them. To use ADS with laser guidance, the station is equipped with a laser target designator, as well as a laser spot direction finder for using ADS with external target illumination.

OLS-35 measurement of range to air and ground targets is provided by a laser rangefinder, the boundary of the measurement zone of which is 20 km for air targets and 35 km for ground targets.

The effectiveness of action against ground targets can be further increased by installing a suspended optoelectronic container KOEP-35 developed by JSC NPK SPP, which also has thermal imaging, television channels and a laser rangefinder-target designator.

The Su-35 pilot has a high level of awareness of existing threats due to a set of passive detection tools. The L-150-35 radiation warning station developed by TsKBA JSC provides detection of radio-emitting targets, while the I-222 optoelectronic reconnaissance system developed by NPK SPP provides detection of air targets by infrared radiation with selection of missiles attacking the aircraft, as well as aircraft laser irradiation detection. Both systems determine the angular position of the detected targets, their recognition and ranking according to the degree of danger, displaying the information received to the pilot.

The REP L-175M10-35 complex developed by JSC "KNIRTI" provides individual and group protection of aircraft from detected threats by setting active radar interference in a wide frequency range (up to 4 targets simultaneously), using anti-radar missiles against radiating targets, setting passive interference by dropping false thermal targets and chaff.

The Su-35 is equipped with the S-108 communication system developed by NPP Polyot. The complex provides noise-proof, secure communication and information exchange with control centers and other aircraft with automatic relaying of signals. The S-108 complex also provides the ability to control the actions of aircraft from a command post in real time.

Thanks to the complex, group actions in the air are provided for up to 16 Su-35 aircraft, with automated data exchange from information sensors and the distribution of targets between aircraft.

The effectiveness of solving combat missions of the Su-35 is achieved, among other things, due to the high accuracy of navigation. In addition to the RSBN-85V short-range navigation radio system, the international navigation system (VND-94, VIM-95) and the ARK-25 radio compass, the aircraft is equipped with two strapdown inertial navigation systems BINS-SP-2 developed by KRET, which have a built-in satellite navigation channel, working both in the GLONASS and GPS systems. In addition, the correction of the aircraft coordinates can be carried out according to the terrain, according to visual landmarks with measuring the distance to them using the OLS-35, according to radio-contrast landmarks using radar.

All onboard equipment is interconnected through high-speed information exchange channels and transferred under the control of a single information and control system IUS-35, the core of which is two high-performance on-board computers BAGET-53-31M developed by RPKB JSC. The information and control system is responsible for the interaction between the pilot and the systems of the onboard equipment complex.

In connection with the new functions of the avionics, the load on the pilot has increased many times, so much attention was paid to its reduction in the development of the IUS-35. So the aircraft cockpit received an information and control field with a complete absence of dial indicators. To display all the necessary information, there are 2 multifunctional color displays with a diagonal of 15 ', as well as a collimator aviation indicator against the background of the windshield. In addition, the cockpit is equipped with a multifunctional remote control indicator for controlling the aircraft, and instead of backup pointers, there is an indicator of the backup parameters system. When displaying information on the indicators, the principle of “the right information at the right time” is implemented, as well as the integration of information from various sources. In the event of emergency situations, recommendations are made to the pilot on how to parry them. For better information support of the pilot, there is a voice warning system.

All control zones on the dashboard are placed in such a way as to localize the control field in the pilot's line of sight and minimize the number of gaze shifts in the intense phases of combat missions. The controls for all major functions are located on the aircraft and engine control sticks, i.е. implemented the so-called. HOTAS concept. In close air combat, operational target designation is provided using a helmet-mounted sighting system.

The IUS-35 has "intelligent support" for the pilot. It consists in the maximum automation of the process of searching for a target, pointing the aircraft at it and preparing weapons for use. At the same time, the task of ensuring the defense of the aircraft from enemy attacks is being solved in the background.

The new avionics complex allowed the Su-35 to use weapons that ensure the destruction of almost all possible targets for aviation.

To engage targets in long-range air combat, the Su-35 can carry up to 5 long-range missiles, up to 12 medium-range missiles with an active radar homing head, with the possibility of multi-channel fire and use on a fire-and-forget basis.

For close air combat, including highly maneuverable, the aircraft can carry up to 6 short-range missiles with an infrared homing head.

The defeat of surface targets is carried out by high-speed anti-ship missiles Kh-31A in an amount of up to 6 pieces, as well as subsonic missiles with a longer range - Kh-35U (up to 6 pieces) and Kh-59MK (up to 5 pieces).

The defeat of ground-based air defense systems is carried out by anti-radar missiles Kh-31P, Kh-31PK, Kh-31PD in an amount of up to 6 pieces.

To destroy ground targets, the aircraft can carry up to 6 Kh-38MLE, Kh-29ML missiles with laser and Kh-29TE with television homing heads. It is also possible to place up to 8 corrected bombs of 500 kg caliber - KAB-500Kr and KAB 500OD with television guidance and KAB-500S-E with satellite guidance system.

To destroy especially large and protected targets, adjustable bombs of 1500 kg caliber are used - KAB-1500KR with television and KAB-1500LG with laser guidance, with the possibility of placing up to 3 pieces on an aircraft.

The defeat of ground targets is also carried out by unguided weapons with high accuracy provided by sighting and navigation systems. The list of unguided weapons includes 100, 250 and 500kg caliber bombs as well as 80mm and 122mm unguided rockets.

All aviation weapons are placed on 12 hardpoints, including the use of multi-post holders.

The aircraft has a built-in cannon mount with a 30mm GSh-301 cannon with 150 rounds of ammunition. At the same time, the design of the cartridge box has changed compared to the Su-27, and it is made removable, which reduces the time it takes to prepare the aircraft for a combat mission.

Aircraft maintenance has been greatly simplified due to the integrated built-in control and indication system. Preparation of the aircraft for flight is carried out by one technician with the involvement of specialists from the technical calculation, which ensures the preparation of a group of aircraft.

For the Su-35, a set of ground control equipment was developed.

Flight mission preparation system (SPPS-35) is intended for preparation of cartographic information, navigational and aeronautical situation, tactical situation and other data with their subsequent loading into aircraft on-board systems, as well as automated preparation and printing of technological and flight documentation.

The TSV-35 automated flight information processing workstation is designed to process flight information received from on-board recording devices in order to assess the actions of the crew during the performance of a combat mission, as well as to determine the technical condition of the aircraft systems and its readiness for the next flight.

The list of ground control facilities also includes automated control and testing equipment for the interaction of the ASP with the KPZ-35 avionics, a stand for checking the operation of the SNK-135 radar, an automated workplace for carrying out work on the KSU-35 and the ARM-58 altitude-speed measurement system, automated workstation for monitoring the state of the power plant AWS DK-30 (SD) ser.M.

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