Messerschmitt Me 262

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The Messerschmitt Me 262, nicknamed Schwalbe (German: "Swallow") in fighter versions, or Sturmvogel (German: "Storm Bird") in fighter-bomber versions, was the world's first operational jet-powered fighter aircraft. Design work started before World War II began, but problems with engines, metallurgy and top-level interference kept the aircraft from operational status with the Luftwaffe until mid-1944. The Me 262 was faster and more heavily armed than any Allied fighter, including the British jet-powered Gloster Meteor. One of the most advanced aviation designs in operational use during World War II, the Me 262's roles included light bomber, reconnaissance and experimental night fighter versions.

Me 262 pilots claimed a total of 542 Allied aircraft shot down, although higher claims are sometimes made. The Allies countered its effectiveness in the air by attacking the aircraft on the ground and during takeoff and landing. Strategic materials shortages and design compromises on the Junkers Jumo 004 axial-flow turbojet engines led to reliability problems. Attacks by Allied forces on fuel supplies during the deteriorating late-war situation also reduced the effectiveness of the aircraft as a fighting force. Armament production within Germany was focused on more easily manufactured aircraft. In the end, the Me 262 had a negligible impact on the course of the war as a result of its late introduction and the consequently small numbers put in operational service.

While German use of the aircraft ended with the close of World War II, a small number were operated by the Czechoslovak Air Force until 1951. It also heavily influenced several designs, such as the Sukhoi Su-9 (1946) and Nakajima Kikka. Captured Me 262s were studied and flight-tested by the major powers, and ultimately influenced the designs of post-war aircraft such as the North American F-86 Sabre, MiG-15 and Boeing B-47 Stratojet. Several aircraft survive on static display in museums, and there are several privately built flying reproductions that use modern General Electric J85 engines.

General characteristics

  • Crew: 1
  • Length: 10.6 m (34 ft 9 in)
  • Wingspan: 12.6 m (41 ft 4 in)
  • Height: 3.5 m (11 ft 6 in)
  • Wing area: 21.7 m2 (234 sq ft)
  • Aspect ratio: 7.32
  • Empty weight: 3,795 kg (8,367 lb) [124]
  • Gross weight: 6,473 kg (14,271 lb) [124]
  • Max takeoff weight: 7,130 kg (15,719 lb) [124]
  • Powerplant: 2 × Junkers Jumo 004B-1 axial-flow turbojet engines, 8.8 kN (1,980 lbf) thrust each

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 900 km/h (560 mph, 490 kn)
  • Range: 1,050 km (650 mi, 570 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 11,450 m (37,570 ft)
  • Rate of climb: 20 m/s (3,900 ft/min) at max weight of 7,130 kg (15,720 lb)
  • Thrust/weight: 0.28

Armament

  • Guns: 4 × 30 mm MK 108 cannon (the A-2a had only two cannons)
  • Rockets: 24 × 55 mm (2.2 in) R4M rockets
  • Bombs: 2 × 250 kg (550 lb) bombs or 2 × 500 kg (1,100 lb) bombs (A-2a variant)


copied by wikipedia.

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